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暑假作業 11253 2014-09-18 11:01:53
文章名稱:
國際太空法的基本原則
The Fundamental Principles of International Space Law
作者名稱:
侯權峰(Chuan-Fong Ho)
資料來源:
問題與研究 ； 42 卷 5 期 (2003 / 09 / 01) ， P165 - 207
內容摘要:
一九六七年的外太空條約所涵蓋的幾個原則是由幾個決議案所逐步構成，這些決議案包括第一七二一號決議案、一九六二號決議案、一八八四號決議案等。一九六七年的外太空條約可謂第一個針對外空活動及探測建立起規範綱領的條約，同時也是發展及建立國際太空法的里程碑，其嘗試去除國家對於太空及天體的主權主張。本文將探討一九六七年的外太空條約所載的下列數個原則 : 1. 全人類利益原則 ; 2. 探索及使用自由原則 ; 3. 不占有原則 ; 4. 和平目的使用太空原則。除此之外，本文亦將探討目前爭議頗大的人類共同繼承財產原則。
The 1967 Space Treaty is composed of a series of principles contained in a number of resolutions. These resolutions include, but are not limited to : Resolution 1721 A (X VI); Resolution 1962 (X Viii); and Resolution 1884 (X Viii). The 1967 Space Treaty is the first international treaty that establishes rules to regulate explorations and other activities in the outer space. The Treaty is also a landmark in the formulation of international space law in that it scrapes the notion that states can have claims of sovereignty in the outer space. This article analyzes the principles established in the 1967 Space Treaty, namely : 1. the benefit of mankind; 2. Freedom of exploration and use of outer space and celestial body ; 3. Non-appropriation of outer space or celestial body ; 4. Peaceful use of space and celestial bodies.
In addition, this article will discuss the controversial principle of'common heritage of mankind' contained in the Moon Treaty.
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暑假作業 11253 2014-09-18 11:00:00
文章名稱:
退向未来：小布什太空政策解读
From the Back Is Seen the Future: An Analysis of the Bush National Space Policy
作者名稱:
韦宗友(Zong-You Wei)
資料來源:
外交評論：外交學院學報 ； 2008 卷 2 期 (2008 / 04 / 25) ， P91 - 97
內容摘要:
本文详细考察了小布什政府新太空政策的主要内容及其政策实践。文章指出，尽管新政策与克林顿时期的太空政策具有一定的相似性，但无论是其政策的思想渊源、重点内容，还是政策目标都与克林顿太空政策大异其趣，体现了小布什政府在太空政策上对于拉姆斯菲尔德太空委员会报告的认同和对里根时代太空政策的某种“怀恋”。这一太空新政策实际上体现了持保守主义理念的小布什政府总的国家安全战略目标和意图。然而，从新政策在实践中遇到的国内外阻力来看，新政策试图独霸乃至“武器化”太空的企图将注定难以实现。
This paper examines in details the Bush administration's new space policy. The paper points out that under the seeming similarities between the Bush space policy and that of Bill Clinton, lie the fundamental differences between the two, both in underlying guidelines and main policy objectives. The Bush policy has accepted the main arguments of the Report of Donard Rumsfeld Space Commission, which argues for US space hegemony and space weaponization; and also shows some yearning for Reagan's space policy. It is in fact an embodiment of the overall strategy of the conservative Bush administration. After briefly examining the implementation of the new policy and the accompanying obstacles it faces at home and abroad, the paper argues that the attempted space weaponization and space hegemony implied in the new policy will be doomed to failure.
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暑假作業 11253 2014-09-18 10:58:33
文章名稱:
太空打靶的世界纪录
A Space Shot, a World Record
作者名稱:
潘厚任(Hou-Ren Pan)
資料來源:
自然雜誌 ； 27 卷 5 期 (2005 / 10 / 01) ， P274 - 277
內容摘要:
2005年7月4日。美国航空航天局发射的“深撞探测器”一举击中坦普尔1号彗星，创下了太空打靶的世界新纪录。为世人所瞩目。本文对空间科学在导弹、卫星和探测器等发射研究的历史作了回顾。并对这次太空打靶的过程和重要意义作了阐述。
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暑假作業 11253 2014-09-18 10:57:02
文章名稱:
太空经济及其社会影响
Space Economy and Its Societal Impacts
作者名稱:
丁言强(Yan-Qiang Ding) ； 丁文霞(Wen-Xia Ding) ； 赵文(Wen Zhao)
資料來源:
生態經濟 ； 2008 卷 7 期 (2008 / 07 / 01) ， P96 - 101
內容摘要:
越来越多的国家都在开发和应用空间系统，太空部门的发展催生了新兴的太空经济，太空产业及其下游活动产生了广泛而深刻的社会经济影响。2005年，世界范围的民用和军用空间计划预算总额约为480亿美元，空间产品与服务的商业收入大约为872亿～1132亿美元，太空经济的增长趋势日益显现。太空经济的下游应用活动通常远大于上游制造活动，2005年，空间产品制造（如卫星、火箭）和发射收入估计为350亿～360亿美元，空间相关服务（如卫星电视、GPS）估计为522亿～772亿美元。2007年全球太空经济收入总额达到2510亿美元，比2006年增长11%。在现代社会长期而重大的问题管理方面，空间基础设施的效益越来越明显，及时的卫星图像和通信联系有助于降低生命和经济损失。
An increasing number of countries are developing space systems and applications. The development of space sector has brought an emerging space economy into being. Space industry and its downstream activities have caused extensive and intensive impacts on economy and society. The trend of growth in space economy is increasing apparent. In 2005, worldwide commercial revenue from space products and services was around US$ 87.2-113.2 billion. The downstream application of space economy is usually far bigger than its upstream manufacturing activities. In 2005, revenue from manufacturing (e. g., satellites, rockets) and launching was estimated at around US$ 35-36 billion, and the space-related services (e. g., direct-to-home satellite television, GPS) were valued at US$ 52.2-77.2 billion. In 2007, the global space economic revenue totaled to US$ 25.1 billion, 11 per cent higher than that in 2006. Benefits from space infrastructure are becoming more evident in the management of long term and significant challenges of modern society. Timely satellite imagery and communications links can help stem catastrophic loss of lives and economic losses.
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暑假作業 11253 2014-09-18 10:55:08
文章名稱:
太空搭载卤虫诱变效应的AFLP分子标记检测
Genetic Analysis on the Effects of space-induced Artemia sinica with AFLP Method
作者名稱:
刘波(Bo Liu) ； 曾志南(Zhi-Nan Zeng) ； 叶金聪(Jin-Cong Ye) ； 林向阳(Xiang-Yang Lin) ； 郭明忠(Ming-Zhong Guo) ； 林光纪(Guang-Ji Lin)
資料來源:
臺灣海峽 ； 27 卷 4 期 (2008 / 11 / 15) ， P417 - 421
內容摘要:
本文比较研究了经过太空诱变的卤虫(Artemia sinica)同地面对照组卤虫4对选择性扩增引物的AFLP指纹图谱，旨在探讨用AFLP技术进行诱变个体遗传差异检测的可行性。其遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算，遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算。实验共检测出384个位点，分子量在50~1500bp之间，其中绝大多数片段为太空诱变组同地面对照组所共有，多态位点73个，占19.0%。遗传指纹图谱显示：经过太空诱变的群体与地面对照组相比，从整个基因组角度来看，其遗传差异并不明显，但是太空诱变组有2个个体的基因确实产生了较为显著的变异。研究结果表明：太空诱变能够不定向地促进基因的变异，是水产新品种选育的途径之一；AFLP技术不仅是各水产动物种质鉴别的有效手段，用于各种诱变个体的遗传差异研.究也是适宜和可信的。To explore the possibility of applying AFLP technology in analyzing genetic diversity of irradiated individuals, the AFLP fingerprinting of space-induced and control Artemia sinica were compared using 4 sets of selective primers for amplification. The genetic similarity coefficient was calculated by Nei's matching coefficient method with designed computer program, and the correspondingly average genetic distance (D) was calculated by Lynch's method to evaluate genetic structure. Amplification produced 384 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints that varied in length from 50 to 1500bp in experiments, most of those were shared by space-induced and control group. 73 loci were polymorphic and the proportion was 19.0%. Genetic fingerprinting indicated low genetic variations between space-induced population and control population in genome, but some distinct genetic diversity could be found in two individuals of space-induced group. Thus the present study demonstrated that space induction which is one of approaches for aquaculture breeding might cause variance in gene. AFLP technology is not only applicable in genetic studies within a species but also can be used in studies of phylogenesis and genetic diversity in aquatic animals
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