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暑假華藝文章3-禽類血色素沉著症之致病機制與感染關係之探討 11229 2014-09-15 19:19:22
文章名稱:禽類血色素沉著症之致病機制與感染關係之探討 Studies on Pathogenesis of Avian Hemochromatosis and Relationship with Infections
作者名稱:許家達 , 碩士 指導教授：劉振軒
資料來源:無
內容摘要:血色素沉著症 (Hemochromatosis) 是一種鐵代謝的異常導致鐵在人類和動物造成鐵過度的蓄積的常見疾病，又稱為鐵蓄積症 (Iron storage disease) 。在過去的三十年之間有越來越多的文獻指出；在圈養的鳥類有這一類疾病發生。所報告的鳥類的品種多以果實及昆蟲為主食，包括天堂鳥 (Paradiseadae) 、巨嘴鳥 (Ramphastidae) 、掠鳥 (Sturnidae) 及八哥 (Mynas) 等。在診斷上最常使用的是鐵染色 (Berlin blue) 以確認鐵在細胞內的堆積，這些受到損傷的細胞可能會因此而死亡且被纖維組織所取代。本研究中共收集186隻圈飼禽類解剖病例，其中有59隻 (31.7%) 以Berlin blue鐵染色確認罹患血色素沉著症，其中包括11個目，最常蓄積的組織以肝臟為主，依其嚴重程度分為三個等級 (Grade 1-3) ，嚴重者伴隨肝細胞壞死、肝索凌亂、肝細胞變性、膽管增生、Kupffer cell內有色素沉著、肝細胞內含有鐵質顆粒以及炎症反應的產生。此外，亦在心臟、腎臟及脾臟等器官出現。另外，針對於59例分析其飲食習慣、性別、年齡以及感染情況，分析結果顯示是否有患病與是否會感染間有著顯著之差異存在，證實患有血色素沉著症與感染之間有著交互關係存在
Hemochromatosis is a common disorder of iron metabolism resulting in iron overload and affecting human and animals, particularly avian species. Genetic and dietary factors are considered as predisposing factors to cause hemochromatosis in these affected birds. Hemochromatosis has been diagnosed in 59 (31.7%) from 186 avian necropsies in this study and the affected species included 11 avian orders, and the most affected species is weaver bird. The organs most commonly affected are the liver. Histochemistry of iron stain (Berlin blue) is routinely used to confirm iron storage in the target tissues. Twenty-one out of 59 cases are hemochromatosis combined with infectious disease and 38 cases are hemochromatosis only. The statistic results show significant difference between the infections and hemochromatosis. In another test, no significant difference is analyzed among hemochromatosis with feeding behavior, age, and sex.
參考文獻:
1.Adams, P. C. and Barton, J. C. (2007). Haemochromatosis. Lancet, 370, 1855-1860.
連結：
2.Aisen, P. (2004). Transferrin receptor 1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 36, 2137-2143.
連結：
3.Barton, J. C., Edwards, C. Q., Bertoli, L. F., Shroyer, T. W. and Hudson, S. L. (1995). Iron overload in African Americans. Am J Med, 99, 616-623.
連結：
4.Beutler, E., West, C., Speir, J. A., Wilson, I. A. and Worley, M. (2001). The HFE gene of browsing and grazing rhinoceroses: A possible site of adaptation to a low-iron diet. Blood Cells Molecules and Diseases, 27, 342-350.
連結：
5.Bullen, J. J. and Griffiths, E. (1999). Iron and Infection: Molecular, Physiological and Clinical Aspects., John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, pp. 1-26.
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暑假華藝文章10-台灣豬瘟病毒分子流行病學之研究 11229 2014-09-15 19:11:32
文章名稱:台灣豬瘟病毒分子流行病學之研究 Molecular Epidemiological Studies of Classical Swine Fever Viruses in Taiwan
作者名稱:潘居祥 , 博士 指導教授：賴秀穗
資料來源:無
內容摘要:豬瘟是由豬瘟病毒引起之高接觸性傳染病，親緣樹分析有助於追蹤豬瘟病毒發生的地理起源並了解病毒基因型別的分佈。將1989至2007年台灣分離到的167株豬瘟病毒，針對Erns及E2封套醣蛋白基因以RT-PCR增幅此兩區間並進行核酸定序及親緣樹分析。雖然兩者出現類似的樹形圖，但Erns比E2具有更好的區別效果。親緣樹分析結果顯示，124個田間分離株屬於2.1及2.2亞群，此兩亞群都屬於外來型病毒株，其餘的43個田間分離株則屬於3.4亞群的本土型病毒株。由於2.1亞群病毒株在Erns親緣樹分析時可進一步區分成信賴值(bootstrap values)高達98%及85%的兩個群組(clusters)，顯示此兩群組間病毒的核酸序列有明顯差異，因此我們認為2.1亞群應再進一步區分為2.1a及2.1b。其中2.1a 亞群病毒株最早於1994年入侵台灣，1995年即爆發流行，之後成為田間優勢族群至今。然而3.4亞群病毒株盛行於1994年以前，但自1996年以後就無法從田間分離到此型病毒。過去近二十年間，我們看到台灣田間流行的豬瘟病毒從3.4亞群轉變成2.1a 亞群，這基因型轉變並非由本土型病毒株的基因突...
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Phylogenetic analysis of CSFV field isolates are useful to trace the geographic origins of the disease and to understand the distribution of CSFV genotypes. Two envelope glycoprotein (Erns and E2) regions of CSFV were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequenced directly from 167 specimens collected between 1989 and 2007 in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis of the two regions revealed a similar tree topology and, furthermore, the Erns region provided better discrimination of CSFV genotypes than the E2 region. Of the 167 isolates collected, 124 were clustered within subgroups 2.1 and 2.2, which were considered to be potential exotic strains, whereas the remaining 43 isolates were clustered within subgroup 3.4, which is considered to contain the historical strains. Since the subgroup 2.1 could be further separated into two different clusters with high bootstrap values of 98% and 85% in the Erns tree, we proposed that subgroup 2.1 sho...
參考文獻:1.Barlic-Maganja D, Grom J, 2001. Highly sensitive one-tube RT-PCR and microplate hybridisation assay for the detection and for the discrimination of classical swine fever virus from other pestiviruses. J Virol Methods 95:101-110.
連結：
2.Bartak P, Greiser-Wilke I, 2000. Genetic typing of classical swine fever virus isolates from the territory of the Czech Republic. Vet Microbiol 77: 59-70.
連結：
3.Baxi MK, Baxi S, Clavijo A, Burton KM, Deregt D, 2006. Microarray-based detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vet J 172:473-481.
連結：
4.Biagetti M, Greiser-Wilke I, Rutili D, 2001. Molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in Italy. Vet Microbiol 83: 205-215.
連結：
5.Bjorklund HV, Stadejek T, Vilcek S, Belak S, 1998. Molecular characterization of the 3' noncoding region of classical swine fever virus vaccine strains. Virus Genes 16:307-312.
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暑假華藝文章8-台灣北區人類、家犬與雞中止蛋之綠膿桿菌抗藥性調查 11229 2014-09-15 19:11:07
文章名稱:台灣北區人類、家犬與雞中止蛋之綠膿桿菌抗藥性調查 Antimicrobial Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of Humans, Canines and Death of Chicken Embryos in Northern Taiwan
作者名稱:孫友梅 , 碩士 指導教授：張紹光
資料來源:無
內容摘要: 本實驗的目的為比較人類病患、伴侶動物與經濟動物所分離之綠膿桿菌在抗生素敏感性及數種抗藥性基因型的表現。試驗期間，由人類病患分得94株、家犬分得29株以及雞中止蛋分得97株，共220株綠膿桿菌；經確認之菌株分別進行抗生素敏感性試驗、脈衝式電泳及利用聚合酶鏈鎖反應偵測Ambler class A（blaTEM、blaSHV、blaGES、blaVEB、blaPER、blaPSE）與Ambler class D（blaOXA-2 like、blaOXA-10 like）之乙內醯胺酶。
抗生素敏感性試驗結果顯示，所選用之盤尼西林類、頭孢子素類、胺基醣苷類與氟奎諾酮類抗菌劑中，人類病患分離株之抗藥性皆最嚴重，家犬次之，中止蛋最低；對所偵測的抗藥性基因而言，TEM-1在人類、家犬、雞蛋分離株之陽性率分別為90.4%、69.0%與71.1%，PSE-1之陽性率分別77.7%、75.9%與6.2%，OXA-10 like之陽性率則為98.9%、86.2%與18.6%，而乙內醯胺酶SHV、GES、VEB、PER及OXA-2 like皆未在本實驗中被偵測出。經定序後，發現OXA-17及OXA-10...
The aims of the study were to survey and differentiate the phenotype and genotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from human, companion and economic animal isolates. A total of ninety four human isolates, twenty nine canines isolates and ninety seven chicken isolates used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the encoding genes of class A (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaGES, blaVEB, blaPER and blaPSE) and class D (blaOXA-2 like, and blaOXA-10 like) β-lactamases. All isolates were also performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-fielded gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Antimicrobial resistance of human isolates were higher than canine isolates, followed by chicken isolates. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaGES, blaVEB, blaPER ,and blaOXA-2 like were not harboured in any isolates. In human, canine and chicken isolates, blaTEM-1 (90.4%, 69.0% and 71.1%), blaPSE-1 (77.7%, 75.9% and 6.2%) and blaOXA-10 like (98.9%, 86.2% and 18.6%) were detected, respectively. OXA-17 was the most common OXA enzyme in human and canine isolates, followed by OXA-10. However, the results of the prevalence of OXA-10 and OXA...
參考文獻:
1.116. Tipper DJ, Strominger JL. Mechanism of action of penicillins: a proposal based on their structural similarity to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 54: 1133-41, 1965.
連結：
2.117. Thomson KS, Sanders CC. Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the double-disk and three-dimensional tests. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 36: 1877-82, 1992.
連結：
3.118. Toleman MA, Vinodh H, Sekar U, Kamat V, Walsh TR. blaVIM-2-harboring integrons isolated in India, Russia, and the United States arise from an ancestral class 1 integron predating the formation of the 3' conserved sequence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 51: 2636-8, 2007.
連結：
4.119. Tolar EL, Hendrix DV, Rohrbach BW, Plummer CE, Brooks DE, Gelatt KN. Evaluation of clinical characteristics and bacterial isolates in dogs with bacterial keratitis: 97 cases (1993-2003). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 228: 80-5, 2006.
連結：
5.120. Unal S, Garcia-Rodriguez JA. Activity of meropenem and comparators against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in the MYSTIC Program, 2002-2004. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 53: 265-71, 2005.
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暑假華藝文章7-面對思考的終結從《海達﹒蓋伯樂》( 1890 )的結局談起 11229 2014-09-15 19:10:35
文章名稱:面對思考的終結：從《海達•蓋伯樂》(1890)的結局談起
作者名稱:何一梵
資料來源:挪威劇作家易卜生國際學術研討會論文集 ； 2009年 (2009 / 12 / 01) ， P95 - 117
內容摘要:頁面尚無資料
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暑假華藝文章6-祕密花園：論清代女性彈詞小說中的幽閉空間與心靈活動 11229 2014-09-15 19:09:54
文章名稱:祕密花園：論清代女性彈詞小說中的幽閉空間與心靈活動 Secret Garden: Polysemantic Spaces in Qing Women's Tanci Narratives
作者名稱:胡曉真(Siao-Chen Hu)
資料來源:欲掩彌彰：中國歷史文化中的「私」與「情」─私情篇 ； 2003 (2003 / 09 / 01) ， P279 - 315
內容摘要:在我們熟悉的性別與空間論述中，中國傳統女性的正當位置在「內」；因此，私／情等概念也與女性發生了內在的聯繫。然而，從文學的角度來看，女性隱私世界的營造，其實可能發展出超越的意義。明清時期大量湧現的女性作品，洩漏了女性對私密世界的探索經驗與對公眾領域的複雜情緒，其間豐富的情感與想像，實可引領我們重新思考近代中國文化的特質。本文藉由清代特殊的女性書寫形式「彈詞小說」，探討女性私密空間與心靈活動的多重關係。納入詮釋範圍的作品包括《筆生花》以及《金魚緣》。在這些閨秀創作的小說中，「花園」皆為女性角色獨鍾的場所，而成為具有象徵意義的空間。一方面花園在屋舍平面配置中僻處一隅的特質，昭示了女性的邊緣位置，以及其生活空間的閉鎖性；一方面花園又因為地處內／外的交界，而成為誘發女性越界欲望的危險空間；甚至，由於花園與正房屋舍相隔，暗示對俗世義務的疏離，還可以變成女性追求超越經驗的神祕空間。花園承載了如此豐厚的文化意涵，既可象徵女性生命的極度幽閉，也可刺激女性心靈的無限奔馳。這兩種極端的拉鋸張力，為研究者提供了寬廣的詮釋空間。同時，本文也將探討女性如何在生命與文本中營造由私人時間與私人空間所共同架構的私域，並在其中從事複雜的心靈活動。
In traditional discourses of space and gender in China, women's proper position was usually constructed as nei, inside. Privacy and feelings were thus associated with this feminine positioning. However, in female authored texts produced during the Ming and the Qing dynasties we find quite complex and multi-faceted representations of the inner worlds women were supposed to inhabit.Using female authored Qing dynasty's tanci narratives, this paper explores the multiple functions the enclosed spaces of the garden could play in women's fictional texts. In these narratives, the garden is depicted as a space where female characters can find solitude, an area of reclusion within the crowded household. On the other hand, it creates a contact zone between the ”inner chambers” and the outside world, and thus it becomes a dangerous area where women's desire for transgression can be expressed, if not fulfilled. Furthermore, because of the proximity of house and garden, it also symbolizes a place of rest and escape from menial routine of household work, while providing a mysterious enclosure in wh...
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