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文章文稱:
新「自然」考
The History of "Ziran" (自然) and "Nature" in Translation
作著名稱:
林淑娟(Shu-Chuan Lin)
資料來原:
臺大中文學報 ； 31 期 (2009 / 12 / 01) ， P269 - 310
內容摘要:
「自然」究竟何時以及如何開始承載「自然界」之意？針對這問題，本文將從「自然」與nature的翻譯史角度切入，並提出「自然」作爲「譯語」與「新詞」之間的差異，以作爲釐清問題的關鍵。「自然」與nature在中國境內的翻譯史，主要可分爲三大時期：十九世紀上半葉、十九世紀下半葉，與二十世紀初期，其間以鴉片戰爭與甲午戰爭爲分界。在第一期，nature主要譯爲「性、天地」，而「自然」只用來對譯natural/naturally；鴉片戰後，伴隨大量新詞湧入，nature譯法雖然不變，但natural相關詞組的譯語卻顯得相當紛亂糾結；直至甲午戰後，nature以及natural詞組方與「自然」建立起穩定的對譯關係。因此，自然」即使早在十九世紀初即已成爲natural的譯語，然直至二十世紀初，自然」才以「新詞」（自然界）的面貌出現在華文世界中。審視「自然」與nature的翻譯史，不難發現詞義的轉變與自然觀（甚或世界觀）的變化呈現平行的關連。當詞彙用法改變，透過這詞彙建構的概念世界也隨之經歷顛覆與重構。透過鬆動「自然」能指與所指之間的緊密關連，或可進一步鬆動現代看似穩固的物質化的「自然觀」。
When and how did the meaning of ”ziran” change, such that it began to refer to the material world? This article looks at the history of the translation of ziran, utilizing the difference between ziran as a ”translated word” versus ziran as a ”new word” as the key to elucidate the answer to this question. The translation history of ziran and nature can be divided into three periods by the Opium war (1 840-2) and the Sino-Japanese war (1894-5). In the early nineteenth century, ”nature” was translated in to ”xing” (性) or ”tiandi” (天地)， while ziran was only used to translate the words ”natural” and ”naturally.” After the Opium war, new terms began flooding into China, and although the translation of ”nature” itself did not change, the translation of ”natural” and other related words became complicated and tangled. Nonetheless, after the Sino-Japanese war, the translation of ziran as ”nature” and ”natural” stabilized. Although ziran had become a ”translated word” in the early nineteenth century, it did not become a ”new word” until one century later. In considering this translation histor...
新「自然」考
The History of "Ziran" (自然) and "Nature" in Translation
作著名稱:
林淑娟(Shu-Chuan Lin)
資料來原:
臺大中文學報 ； 31 期 (2009 / 12 / 01) ， P269 - 310
內容摘要:
「自然」究竟何時以及如何開始承載「自然界」之意？針對這問題，本文將從「自然」與nature的翻譯史角度切入，並提出「自然」作爲「譯語」與「新詞」之間的差異，以作爲釐清問題的關鍵。「自然」與nature在中國境內的翻譯史，主要可分爲三大時期：十九世紀上半葉、十九世紀下半葉，與二十世紀初期，其間以鴉片戰爭與甲午戰爭爲分界。在第一期，nature主要譯爲「性、天地」，而「自然」只用來對譯natural/naturally；鴉片戰後，伴隨大量新詞湧入，nature譯法雖然不變，但natural相關詞組的譯語卻顯得相當紛亂糾結；直至甲午戰後，nature以及natural詞組方與「自然」建立起穩定的對譯關係。因此，自然」即使早在十九世紀初即已成爲natural的譯語，然直至二十世紀初，自然」才以「新詞」（自然界）的面貌出現在華文世界中。審視「自然」與nature的翻譯史，不難發現詞義的轉變與自然觀（甚或世界觀）的變化呈現平行的關連。當詞彙用法改變，透過這詞彙建構的概念世界也隨之經歷顛覆與重構。透過鬆動「自然」能指與所指之間的緊密關連，或可進一步鬆動現代看似穩固的物質化的「自然觀」。
When and how did the meaning of ”ziran” change, such that it began to refer to the material world? This article looks at the history of the translation of ziran, utilizing the difference between ziran as a ”translated word” versus ziran as a ”new word” as the key to elucidate the answer to this question. The translation history of ziran and nature can be divided into three periods by the Opium war (1 840-2) and the Sino-Japanese war (1894-5). In the early nineteenth century, ”nature” was translated in to ”xing” (性) or ”tiandi” (天地)， while ziran was only used to translate the words ”natural” and ”naturally.” After the Opium war, new terms began flooding into China, and although the translation of ”nature” itself did not change, the translation of ”natural” and other related words became complicated and tangled. Nonetheless, after the Sino-Japanese war, the translation of ziran as ”nature” and ”natural” stabilized. Although ziran had become a ”translated word” in the early nineteenth century, it did not become a ”new word” until one century later. In considering this translation histor...
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